The trial of a former official of the Getty Museum in Los Angeles resumes today as Italian authorities campaign to retrieve antiquities they believe have been stolen and sold to some of the world's leading collections.
Marion True, 57, is charged in Rome with buying antiquities from Italy which she knew were stolen.
The outcome of her case may force art galleries and museums around the world to reconsider their exhibits. Already, the case has given the Italian government the confidence to demand the return of hundreds of statues, bronzes and plates from museums in New York, Boston, Cleveland and Japan. The Greek government has followed its cue, launching its own court case against Miss True and winning back prizes including a million-dollar golden funerary wreath.
On Monday, Miss True, the former head of antiquities at the Getty, was released from a Greek prison, after posting a £10,000 bail. However, she is not expected to appear in court in Italy. If she is convicted in either country, she faces up to 10 years in jail.
Her trial, which began in July 2005, has exposed a murky European trade in antiquities, with stolen goods from Italy and Greece being labelled by dealers and given false histories before being shipped out to American museums. Greek prosecutors have revealed a letter from Miss True, telling the board of the Getty Museum that the funerary wreath was "too dangerous for us to get involved with". She changed her mind four months later.
The Getty Museum, one of the biggest buyers of antiquities thanks to its enormous endowment from John Paul Getty, the oil magnate, has been asked to return 42 items to Italy.
So far, it has agreed to give up 26. The two sides are discussing the remainder.
Francesco Rutelli, the Italian culture minister, said the Getty's evidence of ownership was "crumbling".
However, the museum, despite Miss True's trial, insists that it has "rightful ownership". Many of the contested antiquities were smuggled out of Italy after being looted from Etruscan sites north of Rome.
Between 1949 and 1973, about 400 of the 550 tombs at the Etruscan necropolis of Cerveteri were ransacked.
The Italian government, after years of pleading for the return of the artefacts, recently started an aggressive campaign, led by the lawyer Maurizio Fiorelli.
Artefacts on display in the Getty Museum
Some of the artefacts on display in the Getty Museum, which Miss True has been charged with buying, knowing they were stolen
Last week, military police raided the villa of a goldsmith in Abruzzo, seizing several "museum-standard" pieces.
At the beginning of this year, Mr Fiorelli requested the help of authorities in Japan to track down 100 pieces spread across the country's museums. He is also targeting a museum in Cleveland, Ohio.
"We offer loans of long duration for those who return the objects we seek, and there is no damage to culture or to the museums," he said.
"Our goal is to sever clandestine excavations and illegal international traffic."
As the head of the Getty's acquisition programme from 1986 to 2005, Miss True recommended items from private dealers and auctions.
However, she has denied all wrongdoing, and has even accused the museum of abandoning her during her trial.
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